1.

AHMADI-MOQADDAM
Esmail

POB: Tehran (Iran)

DOB: 1961

Gender: male

Director of the University and the Higher National Defence Research Institute since 20 September 2021. Former Senior Advisor for Security Affairs to the Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff. Chief of Iran’s National Police from 2005 until early 2015. Also Head of the Iranian Cyber Police (EU-listed) from January 2011 until early 2015. Forces under his command led brutal attacks on peaceful protests and a violent night-time attack on the dormitories of Tehran University on 15 June 2009. Former head of Iran’s Headquarters in support of the Yemeni People.

19.

MOGHISSEH
Mohammad (a.k.a. NASSERIAN)

Gender: male

Judge at the Supreme Court since November 2020. Former head of Tehran Revolutionary Court, branch 28. Also considered responsible for condemnations of members of the Baha’i community. He has dealt with post-election cases. He issued long prison sentences during unfair trials of social and political activists and journalists, and several death sentences for protesters and social and political activists.

20.

MOHSENI-EJEI Gholam-Hossein

POB: Ejiyeh (Iran)

DOB: circa 1956

Gender: male

Chief of Justice since July 2021. Member of the Expediency Council. Prosecutor General of Iran from September 2009 until 2014. Former Deputy Head of the Judiciary (2014 until July 2021) and spokesperson of the Judiciary (2010-2019). Intelligence Minister from 2005 until 2009. While he was Intelligence Minister during the 2009 elections, intelligence agents under his command were responsible for the detention and torture of, and the extraction of false confessions under pressure from, hundreds of activists, journalists, dissidents and reformist politicians. In addition, political figures were coerced into making false confessions under unbearable interrogation, which included torture, abuse, blackmail and the threatening of family members.

21.

MORTAZAVI Said (a.k.a. MORTAZAVI Saeed)

POB: Meybod, Yazd (Iran)

DOB: 1967

Gender: male

Head of the Welfare System from 2011 to 2013. Prosecutor General of Tehran until August 2009. As Prosecutor General of Tehran, he issued a blanket order used for the detention of hundreds of activists, journalists and students. In January 2010, a parliamentary investigation held him directly responsible for the detention of three prisoners who subsequently died in custody. He was suspended from office in August 2010 after an investigation by the Iranian judiciary into his role in the deaths of the three men detained on his orders following the election.

In November 2014, his role in the deaths of detainees was officially recognised by the Iranian authorities. He was acquitted by an Iranian Court on 19 August 2015, on charges connected to the torture and deaths of three young men at the Kahrizak detention centre in 2009. Sentenced to prison in 2017 and released in September 2019. In August 2021, Iran’s Supreme Court issued a ruling in full support of Said Mortazavi, overturning his earlier two-year jail sentence.

24.

SALAVATI
Abdolghassem

Gender: male

Judge of the Special Court for Financial Crimes, branch 4 since 2019. Former Head of Tehran Revolutionary Court, branch 15. Committing Judge in the Tehran Tribunal. In charge of the post-election cases, he was the Judge presiding over the ‘show trials’ in summer 2009, he condemned to death two monarchists that appeared in the show trials. He has sentenced more than a hundred political prisoners, human rights activists and demonstrators to lengthy prison sentences.

In 2018, reports showed that he continued to hand down similar sentences without proper observance of fair hearing procedures.

27.

YASAGHI Ali-Akbar

Gender: male

Judge at the Supreme Court, head of the 13th section. Deputy Chief Executive Officer of Setad-e Dieh Foundation. Chief Judge, Mashhad Revolutionary Court (2001-2011). Trials under his jurisdiction have been conducted summarily and in closed sessions, without adherence to basic rights of the accused. As execution rulings were issued en masse (up to 550 between summer 2009 and summer 2011), death sentences were issued without proper observance of fair hearing procedures.

29.

ESMAILI
Gholam-Hossein (a.k.a. ESMAILI Gholam Hossein)

Gender: male

Chief of Staff of Iranian President Raisi since August 2021. Judiciary spokesman from April 2019 until July 2021. Former head of the Tehran Judiciary. Former Head of Iran’s Prisons Organisation. In this capacity, he was complicit in the massive detention of political protesters and covering up of abuses performed in the jailing system.

32.

ABBASZADEH-MESHKINI Mahmoud

Gender: male

Member of Parliament (since February 2020) and Speaker of the Parliament’s Committee for National Security and Foreign Affairs. Former Advisor to Iran’s High Council for Human Rights (until 2019). Former secretary of the High Council for Human Rights. Former Governor of Ilam Province. Former Political Director of the Interior Ministry. As Head of the Article 10 Committee of the Law on Activities of Political Parties and Groups, he was in charge of authorising demonstrations and other public events and registering political parties.

In 2010, he suspended the activities of two reformist political parties linked to Mousavi - the Islamic Iran Participation Front and the Islamic Revolution Mujahedeen Organisation. From 2009 onwards, he has consistently and continuously prohibited all non-governmental gatherings, therefore denying a constitutional right to protest and leading to many arrests of peaceful demonstrators in contravention of the right to freedom of assembly.

In 2009, he also denied the opposition a permit for a ceremony to mourn people killed in protests over the Presidential elections.

34.

AKHARIAN Hassan

Gender: male

Head of Ward 5 and in charge of solitary confinement in EU-listed Rajaee Shahr Prison since 2015; formerly Keeper of Ward 1 of Rajaee Shahr Prison, Karadj until July 2010. Several former detainees have denounced his use of torture, as well as orders he gave to prevent inmates receiving medical assistance. According to a transcript of one reported detainee in the Rajaee Shahr Prison, wardens all beat him severely, with Akharian’s full knowledge. There is also at least one reported case of ill treatment and the death of a detainee, Mohsen Beikvand, under Akharian’s wardenship. Beikvand died in September 2010. Other prisoners claim credibly that he was killed on the instructions of Hassan Akharian.

35.

AVAEE Seyyed
Ali-Reza (a.k.a. AVAEE Seyyed

Alireza, AVAIE

Alireza)

POB: Dezful (Iran)

DOB: 20.5.1956

Gender: male

Minister of Justice until 25 August 2021. Former Director of the special investigations office. Deputy Minister of the Interior and Head of the Public Register until July 2016. Advisor to the Disciplinary Court for Judges in April 2014. Former President of the Tehran Judiciary. As President of the Tehran Judiciary, he has been responsible for human rights violations, arbitrary arrests, denials of prisoners’ rights and a high number of executions.

44.

KAMALIAN Behrouz
(a.k.a. Hackers Brain, Behrooz_Ice)

POB: Tehran (Iran)

DOB: 1983

Gender: male

Head of the ‘Ashiyaneh’ cyber group linked with the Iranian regime. The ‘Ashiyaneh’ Digital Security, founded by Behrouz Kamalian, is responsible for intensive cyber attacks both on domestic opponents and reformists and foreign institutions. Kamalian’s ‘Ashiyaneh’ organisation’s work has assisted the regime’s crackdown against the opposition, which has involved numerous serious human rights violations in 2009. Both Kamalian and the ‘Ashiyaneh’ cyber group have continued their activities until at least December 2021.

45.

KHALILOLLAHI Moussa (a.k.a. KHALILOLLAHI Mousa, ELAHI Mousa Khalil)

POB: Tabriz (Iran)

DOB: 1963

Gender: male

Chief of Justice of East Azerbaijan province. Former prosecutor of Tabriz from 2010 to 2019. He was involved in Sakineh Mohammadi-Ashtiani’s case and is complicit in grave violations of the right to due process.

51.

TALA Hossein (a.k.a. TALA Hosseyn)

POB: Tehran (Iran)

DOB: 1969

Gender: male

Mayor of Eslamshahr until 2020. Former Iranian MP. Former Governor-General (‘Farmandar’) of Tehran Province until September 2010, he was responsible for the intervention of police forces and therefore for the repression of demonstrations. He received a prize in December 2010 for his role in the post-election repression.

53.

ZEBHI Hossein

Gender: male

First Deputy Advisor to the Judiciary and Judge of the Supreme Court (head of Branch 41 of the Supreme Court, dealing in particular with security offences and drugs). Deputy to the Prosecutor-General of Iran (2007-2015). In this role, he was responsible for judicial cases brought after the post-election protests in 2009, which were conducted in contravention of human rights. Also in this role, he has condoned excessive punishments for drug offences.

54.

BAHRAMI
Mohammad-Kazem

Gender: male

Head of the administrative justice court until April 2021. He was complicit in the repression of peaceful demonstrators in 2009 as head of the judiciary branch of the armed forces.

58.

HOSSEINI
Dr Mohammad

(a.k.a. HOSSEYNI Dr Seyyed Mohammad; Seyed, Sayyed and Sayyid)

POB: Rafsanjan, Kerman (Iran)

DOB: 23.7.1961

Gender: male

Vice-president for parliamentary affairs under President Raisi since August 2021. Former advisor to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and spokesperson for YEKTA, a hard-line political faction. Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance (2009-2013). Ex-IRGC, he was complicit in the repression of journalists.

60.

ZARGHAMI
Ezzatollah

POB: Dezful (Iran)

DOB: 22.7.1959

Gender: male

Minister of Culture, Crafts and Tourism since 25 August 2021. Member of the Supreme Cyberspace Council and Cultural Revolution Council since 2014. Former Head of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) until November 2014. Under his tenure at IRIB, He was responsible for all programming decisions. IRIB has broadcast forced confessions of detainees and a series of ‘show trials’ in August 2009 and December 2011. These constitute a clear violation of international provisions on fair trial and the right to due process.

62.

KAZEMI Toraj

Gender: male

Chief of the Greater Tehran division of the EU-designated Cyber Police until June 2020. In this capacity, he announced a campaign for the recruitment of government hackers in order to achieve better control of information on the internet and attack ‘dangerous’ sites.

63.

LARIJANI Sadeq

POB: Najaf (Iraq)

DOB: 1960 or August 1961

Gender: male

Head of the Expediency Council since 29 December 2018. Former member of the Guardian Council (until September 2021). Former Head of the Judiciary (2009-2019). The Head of the Judiciary is required to consent to and sign off every qisas (retribution), hodoud (crimes against God) and ta’zirat (crimes against the state) punishment. This includes sentences carrying the death penalty, floggings and amputations. In this regard, he has personally signed off numerous death penalty sentences, contravening international standards, including stoning, executions by suspension strangulation, execution of juveniles, and public executions such as those where prisoners have been hanged from bridges in front of crowds of thousands. Therefore, he has contributed to a high number of executions. He has also permitted corporal punishment sentences such as amputations and the dripping of acid into the eyes of the convicted. Since Sadeq Larijani took office, arbitrary arrests of political prisoners, human rights defenders and minorities have increased markedly. Sadeq Larijani also bears responsibility for systemic failures in the Iranian judicial process with respect to the right to a fair trial.

67.

MORTAZAVI Seyyed Solat

POB: Farsan, Tchar Mahal-o-Bakhtiari (South) - (Iran)

DOB: 1967

Gender: male

Since 5 September 2021, Vice-President for Executive Affairs of Iran and Head of the Presidential Office. Head of the real estate branch of the Mostazafan Foundation, which was directly run by Supreme Leader Khamenei from 16 September 2019 until September 2021. Until November 2019, Director of the Tehran branch of the Foundation Astan Qods Razavi. Former mayor of the second largest city of Iran, Mashhad, where public executions are regularly carried out. Former Deputy Interior Minister for Political Affairs, appointed in 2009. In that capacity, he was responsible for directing the repression of persons who spoke up in defence of their legitimate rights, including freedom of expression. Later appointed as Head of the Iranian Election Committee for the parliamentarian elections in 2012 and for the presidential elections in 2013.

69.

REZVANMA-NESH Ali

Gender: male

Deputy prosecutor in the province of Karaj, region of Alborz in the period 2010-2016. Responsible for grave violations of human rights, including involvement in the execution of a juvenile.

74.

RASHIDI AGHDAM Ali Ashraf

Gender: male

Deputy Director of Health, Correction and Education of Tehran Prisons. Former head of Evin Prison (2012-2015). During his tenure, conditions in the prison deteriorated and reports referenced intensified ill-treatment of prisoners. In October 2012, nine female prisoners went on hunger strike in protest of the violation of their rights and violent treatment by prison guards.

75.

KIASATI Morteza

Gender: male

Judge of branch 54 of the Revolutionary Court of Tehran and of the Ahwaz Revolutionary Court, Branch 4; imposed death sentences on four Arab political prisoners, Taha Heidarian, Abbas Heidarian, Abd al-Rahman Heidarian (three brothers) and Ali Sharifi. They were arrested, tortured and hanged without due process. These cases and the lack of due process were referenced in a report dated 13 September 2012 by the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Iran, the UN Secretary General’s report on Iran of 22 August 2012.

78.

JAFARI Asadollah

Gender: male

Currently Attorney General in Isfahan. In this position, he ordered violent reactions against protesters who took to the streets in November 2021 to protest against water shortages. According to some reports, Jafari has announced the formation of a special office to investigate the arrested protesters.

As former Prosecutor of Mazandaran Province, Jafari recommended the imposition of the death penalty in cases he has prosecuted, which has resulted in many executions including public executions, and in circumstances where the imposition of the death penalty is contrary to international human rights, including by being disproportionate and excessive punishment. Jafari has also been responsible for illegal arrests and violations of the rights of Baha’i detainees from initial arrest to keeping them in solitary confinement in the Intelligence Detention Centre.

90.

VASEGHI Leyla (a.k.a. VASEQI Layla, VASEGHI Leila, VASEGHI Layla)

POB: Sari,
Mazandaran Province (Iran)

DOB: 1352
(Iranian Hijri calendar), 1972 or 1973 (Gregorian calendar)

Gender: female

Position: Former governor of Shahr-e Qods and Head of the City Security Council

As the governor of Shahr-e Qods and Head of the City Security Council from September 2019 until November 2021, Leyla Vaseghi ordered the police and other armed forces to use lethal means during the November 2019 protests, causing the deaths of and injuries to unarmed protesters and other civilians. As the governor of Shahr-e Qods and Head of the City Security Council, Leyla Vaseghi bears responsibility for serious human rights violations in Iran.

91.

ROSTAMI CHESHMEH GACHI Mohammed (a.k.a. ROSTAMI
Mohammad)

POB: Kermanshah (Iran)

DOB: 1976 or 1977

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

National ID No.: 111936 (Iran)

Identification No.: 13821 (Iran)

Position: Head of Iran’s Morality Police

Mohammad Rostami Cheshmeh Gachi is the head of Iran’s Morality Police. He was head of the Kermanshah Public Security Police from early 2014 until early 2019 and held senior positions in the Iranian intelligence police.

The Morality Police is part of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) and is a special police unit which enforces the strict dress rules for women, including compulsory wearing of a headscarf. The Morality Police has used unlawful force against women for not complying with Iranian hijab laws, sexual and gender-based violence, arbitrary arrests and detentions, excessive violence and torture.

On 13 September 2022, the Morality Police arbitrarily arrested 22-year old Mahsa Amini in Tehran, allegedly for wearing a hijab improperly. She was subsequently taken to the Morality Police’s headquarters for an ‘educational and orientation class’. According to reliable reports and witnesses, she was brutally beaten and mistreated in custody, which led to her hospitalisation and to her death on 16 September 2022. The Morality Police’s abusive behaviour is not confined to that incident and has been widely documented.

As head of Iran’s Morality Police, Rostami is responsible for the Morality Police’s actions. He therefore bears responsibility for serious human rights violations in Iran.

92.

RAHIMI Hossein

POB: Dodhak village, Mahalat, Central province (Iran)

DOB: 1964

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Rank: Brigadier General

Position: Head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Tehran

Brigadier General Hossein Rahimi has been the head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Tehran since 7 August 2017.

The LEF’s response to the September 2022 protests in Tehran was particularly harsh. The LEF’s excessive use of violence to repress those protests resulted in the deaths of multiple people.

As head of the LEF in Tehran, Rahimi is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

93.

ABDI Abbas

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Rank: Colonel

Position: Head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Divandarreh

Colonel Abbas Abdi is the head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in the district of Divandarreh.

The LEF’s response to the September 2022 protests in Divandarreh was particularly harsh. The LEF’s excessive use of violence to repress those protests resulted in the deaths of multiple people.

As head of the LEF in Divandarreh, Abdi is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

94.

MIRZAEI Haj Ahmad (a.k.a. MIRZAEI Hajahmad; MIRZAYI Hajj Ahmad)

POB: Tehran (Iran)

DOB: 9 February 1957

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Identification No.: 4268935215 (Iran)

Rank: Colonel

Position: Head of Iran’s Morality Police in
Tehran

Colonel Haj Ahmed Mirzaei has been the head of the Tehran branch of Iran’s Morality Police since 2018.

The Morality Police is part of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) and is a special police unit which enforces the strict dress rules for women, including compulsory wearing of a headscarf. The Morality Police has used unlawful force against women for not complying with Iranian hijab laws, sexual and gender-based violence, arbitrary arrests and detentions, excessive violence and torture.

On 13 September 2022, the Morality Police arbitrarily arrested 22-year old Mahsa Amini in Tehran, allegedly for wearing a hijab improperly. She was subsequently taken to the Morality Police’s headquarters for an ‘educational and orientation class’. According to reliable reports and witnesses, she was brutally beaten and mistreated in custody, which led to her hospitalisation and to her death on 16 September 2022. The Morality Police’s abusive behaviour is not confined to that incident and has been widely documented.

As head of the Morality Police in Tehran, Mirzaei is responsible for the Morality Police’s actions in Tehran, including in its headquarters where Amini was beaten and mistreated. He therefore bears responsibility for serious human rights violations in Iran.

95.

ZAREPOUR Issa

POB: Eslamabad-e Gharb, Kermanshah Province (Iran)

DOB: 1980

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Position:
Minister of

Information and Communications Technology

Issa Zarepour has been the Iranian Minister of Information and Communications Technology since 25 August 2021.

In his position, he played a key role in the Iranian government’s decision to systematically violate the Iranian people’s freedom of opinion and expression by imposing restrictions on internet access during the protests that followed the death of 22-year old Mahsa Amini on 16 September 2022.

That action further diminished the already very limited space for civil society actors in Iran, including human rights defenders, to gather objective information and communicate, both amongst themselves and with the outside world.

The internet blackout had negative consequences for the enjoyment of human rights in Iran, both directly (namely the impact on freedom of opinion and expression and availability of objective information) and indirectly (namely the increased chance of human rights violations not being documented thereby negatively impacting accountability for human rights violations).

As Minister of Information and Communications Technology, Zarepour is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

96.

SEPEHR Mohammad-Hossein

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Position: Commander of the Iranian Central Training Base of the General Staff of the Armed Forces

Mohammad-Hossein Sepehr is the Commander of the Central Training Base of the General Staff of the Armed Forces in Tehran. He is a member of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the Basij Resistance Force (a volunteer paramilitary organisation operating under the IRGC with branches throughout Iran).

Sepehr oversees anti-protest training for Iranian security forces and supports a repressive line towards protesters.

He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

97.

SAFARI Sayd Ali

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Rank: Colonel

Position: Head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Saqqez

Colonel Sayd Ali Safari is the head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Saqqez.

The LEF’s response to the September 2022 protests in Saqqez was particularly harsh. The LEF’s excessive use of violence to repress the protests resulted in the deaths of multiple people.

As head of the LEF in Saqqez, Safari is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

98.

ADYANI Seyed
Alireza (a.k.a. ADIANI Hojjat al-Islam Seyyed Alireza)

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Position: Head of the ideological-political office of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF)

Seyed Alireza Adyani is the head of the ideological-political office of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF).

Adyani is responsible for defining and implementing rules of engagement for police forces. He stated that the LEF needs to be ‘practical’ and ‘effective’ when dealing with adversaries and cheered the Morality Police for doing its job ‘intensely’.

The LEF has used massive brutality against protesters, including those protesting after Mahsa Amini’s death.

He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

99.

AZADI Ali

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Rank: Second Brigadier
General

Function: Head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Kurdistan

Second Brigadier General Ali Azadi has been the head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Kurdistan since 2019.

During the repression of the September 2022 protests, forces under his command in Kurdistan shot protesters and killed and injured multiple people.

He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

100.

SHALIKAR
Mohammed Zaman

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Rank: Colonel

Function: Head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Babol, Mazandaran

Colonel Mohammed Zaman Shalikar has been the head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Babol, Mazandaran since 2021.

During demonstrations following the death of Mahsa Amini in September 2022, forces under his command shot, injured and killed protesters in Babol, Mazandaran.

He is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

101.

HEIDARI Salman

Nationality:
Iranian

Gender: male

Rank: Colonel

Function: Head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Bukan

Colonel Salman Heidari is the head of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) in Bukan.

The LEF’s response to the September 2022 protests in Bukan was particularly harsh. The LEF’s excessive use of violence to repress the protests resulted in the death of at least one child and in injuries to multiple people.

As head of the LEF in Bukan, Heidari is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

5.

Iran’s Morality Police

(a.k.a. Gasht-e-Ershad; Islamic Guidance Patrol; Guidance Patrols)

Address: Vozara Street, corner of 25th Street, District 6, Tehran (Iran)

The Morality Police is part of Iran’s Law Enforcement Forces (LEF) and is a special police unit which enforces the strict dress rules for women, including compulsory wearing of a headscarf. The Morality Police has used unlawful force against women for not complying with Iranian hijab laws, sexual and gender-based violence, arbitrary arrests and detentions, excessive violence and torture.

On 13 September 2022, the Morality Police arbitrarily arrested 22-year old Mahsa Amini in Tehran, allegedly for wearing a hijab improperly. She was subsequently taken to the Morality Police’s headquarters for an ‘educational and orientation class’. According to reliable reports and witnesses, she was brutally beaten and mistreated in custody, which led to her hospitalisation and to her death on 16 September 2022. The Morality Police’s abusive behaviour is not confined to that incident and has been widely documented.

The Morality Police is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

6.

Basij Resistance Force

(a.k.a. Basij-e
Mostazafan)

The Basij Resistance Force is a volunteer paramilitary organisation operating under the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) with branches throughout Iran.

The security forces’ response to the September 2022 protests in Iran was particularly harsh, resulting in the deaths of multiple people. The Basij Resistance Force was one of the forces ordered by the government to quell those protests. It injured and killed several protesters.

The Basij Resistance Force is directly responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

7.

Cyber Defence
Command of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (CDC)

Address: Tehran (Iran)

Telephone: +98 26 3448 9826

The Cyber Defence Command of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (CDC) monitors websites, e-mails and online activities of individuals deemed to be political opponents.

During the September 2022 protests in Iran, the CDC took an active role in the Iranian government’s repressive policies, including by identifying and arresting protesters.

The CDC is directly responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.

8.

Law Enforcement Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (LEF) (a.k.a. NAJA; FARAJA)

Address: Tehran (Iran)

The Law Enforcement Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (LEF) is a uniformed police force.

The LEF’s blatant and severe human rights violations, such as the indiscriminate shooting with live ammunition at peaceful protesters, including children, have been widely documented since protests surrounding the death of Mahsa Amini started in mid-September 2022. Over 70 protesters have died and hundreds were seriously injured, including children. Since the beginning of the demonstrations, police forces have also arbitrarily detained numerous human rights defenders and journalists.

The LEF is therefore responsible for serious human rights violations in Iran.